TED uses low frequency “ultrasonic” acoustic sound waves and air pressure to drive topical hair growth treatments deep into the skin through a process called acoustic cavitation. This use of sound waves to increase the penetration of topical treatments is called sonophoresis or phonophoresis.

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, composed primarily of dead cells and lipids, which form the primary barrier between the body and the environment. The stratum corneum has a “brick and mortar” like structure, which blocks the penetration of large molecules and moisture. The corneocytes are the cellular“bricks” that are “mortared” together with lipids, creating the outer barrier.

Ultrasonic sound waves at a very specific vibration or frequency tiny, transient gaseous bubbles within the stratum corneum rapidly expand and collapse, disorganizing the lipid bilayer and temporarily increasing permeability. In addition, the mechanical pressure of the sound waves creates a push and pull effect to facilitate the delivery of compoundsthrough the stratum corneum layer.

Through the process of Alma TEDor “Trans Epidermal Delivery”we can increase the penetration of topical hair growth treatments through the top layer of skin, allowing more of the active ingredients to reach the hair follicles located below.